ABSTRACT
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), the main H
ABSTRACT
The autonomic nervous system controls various internal organs and executes crucial functions through sophisticated neural connectivity and circuits. Its dysfunction causes an imbalance of homeostasis and numerous human disorders. In the past decades, great efforts have been made to study the structure and functions of this system, but so far, our understanding of the classification of autonomic neuronal subpopulations remains limited and a precise map of their connectivity has not been achieved. One of the major challenges that hinder rapid progress in these areas is the complexity and heterogeneity of autonomic neurons. To facilitate the identification of neuronal subgroups in the autonomic nervous system, here we review the well-established and cutting-edge technologies that are frequently used in peripheral neuronal tracing and profiling, and discuss their operating mechanisms, advantages, and targeted applications.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Autonomic Nervous System , Physiology , Cell Differentiation , Physiology , Cell Lineage , Physiology , Homeostasis , Physiology , Nervous System , Neurons , PhysiologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the feasibility of simultaneous detection for several chromosomes with optimized triple-color primed in situ labelling (PRINS) protocol in cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Pre-test of gonosome detection with dual-color PRINS protocol was performed to explore and optimize the order and condition of PRINS primers. A peripheral blood sample from a Klinefelter's syndrome patient (47, XXY) had also been studied with optimized triple-color PRINS to prove the correspondence between the number of signals and chromosomes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Chromosome 18, X and Y had been simultaneously and specifically marked within 3 hours. The frequency of successful labeling reached 90% both in dual-color and triple-color test. Two chromosome X had been correctly showed in lymphocyte sample of Klinerfelter's syndrome.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Numerical chromosome anomalies could be rapidly and exactly detected with this non-ddNTP-blocking multicolor PRINS protocol in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The results of in situ labeling are much clearer with inner control.</p>